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本文从考试题源、题型特点、话题规律三个方面对2011年真题进行了统计总结,并建立在科学统计的基础上结合历年考试规律为同学们指出了今年的备考方法,提供了重点预测题供同学们练习。此外,文章一部分(PART Ⅲ)谈及了task 1的备考思路。
PART 2011年Task 2考试总结
本文将从题源、题型以及话题分类的三大角度对task 2考题进行分析。
题源分析
从题源的角度上来看(如下图所示),大部分题目是以前题库题目的直接重考(O)或稍微改写之后重考(T),两者相加占了总考题数量的80%,这些题目在新航道的内部讲义和出版的写作教材中基本上都能找到原题及相关范文(具体可参考《雅思写作考试教程》及《就是要你过雅思写作6.5》)。
2011年中有9道题目较为新颖──当然也跟以前的题目有千丝万缕的联系──约占1/5的比例。但这些所谓的新题,话题跟以前相比并没有太大变化,只是角度上有所改变、翻新而已。对于2011出现这些新题, 2012年考试的同学必须认真思考,有可能重考。 具体题目请参考本文附录部分──“2011年写作新题”。
题型分析
从题型的角度上来看(如下图所示),35道题目为Argumentation类题型,其中讨论一个观点型题目(A-3)为17道,讨论两个观点型题目(A-2)11道,讨论利弊型题目(A-1)为7道,总体上占了85%的比例。3道为RP类题型,7道为argumentation和RP类题目的综合考察。我们给同学们精心挑选了不同题型的训练题,具体请参考本文Part II 部分。
注:
Argumentation类题型指讨论一个话题或者针对某一观点发表看法,包括discuss, agree or disagree, what do you think等提问方式;
RP类题型指讨论一个问题的原因结果,并提出一定的解决方案,包括why is this the case, what are the reasons/causes, what measures should be taken等提问方式。
话题分析
从话题的角度上看(如下图所示),考试次数最多的四大话题分别为教育、社会问题、文艺体育和媒体广告,占了总题目数量的60%。从话题的角度来看,2011的考试情况跟往年相对比而言,具有三大特征:
• 以往题库中,教育和科技类话题较其他话题处于“压倒性”优势,属于“两家独大”。但是今年情况似有改变, 其他话题(如艺术、体育、传统文化)频繁上位,造成了“百花齐放”的局面。所以,对于今年考试的同学,要想做到“旱涝保收”,不能永远只准备“科技、教育、环境”。
• 文艺体育和媒体广告类话题的考察明显高于往年,其中文艺类话题是同学们普遍觉得难以把握的题目,比如2011.7.16真题:what can artists tell us of the life that scientists can not?造就了无数“悲剧人生” 。
• 以往题库的超级重点话题---科技类话题的直接考察只出现了4次,更多的是以“隐性”的形式出现,比如跟媒体、艺术等话题结合起来考察,2012年考试的同学应该注意这种综合类话题的考察,关于这个问题,本文专门做了总结,请参考备考策略部分“综合类话题的准备”。
PARTⅡ 2012年雅思写作Task 2备考策略
2012年的Task 2备考要把握“四项基本原则”:
1. 全面准备三大题型
2011年的考试题型延续了往年的既有模式,没有任何创新,所以我们只要按部就班,全面准备,即可确保万无一失。为此, 我们提醒即将参加考试的同学们一定要针对每类题目的特点准备相应的解题方法、思路结构,并且对这些内容要“烂于胸,熟于笔”,不仅要在思想上能认清对方,一定要限时训练,培养出写作的“手感”。
推荐题型训练题:
作为全面有效的复习备考,同学们需要思考并确保会处理以下题目:
1) It has been suggested that everyone in the world wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do you think disadvantages of such a development outweigh advantages?
2) In many countries traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3) The government should control the levels of violence in films or on television in order to decrease the levels of violent crime in the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4) Some people say politicians promote the development of society. However others believe that it is scientists who have more influence on the world. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5) International travel seems to make people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What do you think are the reasons for people to fail to benefit from the international travel and how to improve the understanding between different countries?
6) The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities to work can cause serious problems in both places. What are the serious problems and what measures can be taken to solve the problems?
2. 直击题库,把握“母题”
同学们应首先熟悉近雅思写作考试题库,可参考新航道内部讲义,其中分话题总结了历年写作题目。其次,同学们应该把握题库中最核心的具有举一反三性质的“母题”,这样我们才能在题海中做到游刃有余。再次,大家需要构思
关于“母题”:
其他题目都是在它基础上演变而来,故称之为母题。下面方框中是题库中的一道核心“母题”:
请仔细观察下面的题目:
Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
显然,这道题目跟母题#18是极其相似的,在写两道题目时很多素材和语句是可以相互替换的。
请同学们仔细观察下面两道犯罪类题目:
Research suggests that the majority of criminals who were sent to prison would continue to commit crimes when set free. Why do you think this is the case? What can be done to solve this problem?2009.6.13
Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. 2009.9.17
显然,2009年这两道题目仍然在讨论如何处理罪犯/犯罪的话题,跟母题#18仍然是异曲同工。如果一个考生在考试之前已经很好的思考或者练习了母题#18,或者看了其范文,那可想而知,这个学生更容易获得好成绩甚至是超常的发挥——即使这些题目在所谓的题型上并不一致。
我们在深入研究历年题考题的基础上总结了雅思写作题库的核心母题,并配以高分范文,以为各位同学的备考提供些方便。 同学们可搜索关键词“雅思写作题库核心母题”,或加入我的微博了解更多内容:www.weibo.com/zhengqingli。
3. Practice! Practice! Practice!
在考试之前,考生应该进行大量练习,从题型和题库话题两个方面选取足量的题目进行练习。练习可以分为两个部分:题型部分的练习以研究规律、熟悉写作方法为主,可以采取不限时训练的方式,建议大家把我们推荐的6道题目全部写一遍;题库母题部分的练习以训练速度、积累素材和词汇为主,所以需要采取限时训练的形式,建议大家把我们推荐的训练题全部写一遍(如果时间有限,不能完成,需要写作较详细的提纲)。
在跟同学们的交流中,我们发现很多同学考试之前只写过2-3篇文章,甚至有的同学篇完整的作文是在考场上完成的。这种情况实在令人担忧。我们需要很严肃的提醒同学们:没有足量的练习,就没有写作的提高,也没有高分的保证。总体来讲,高分写作的诞生,“无它,唯手熟尔”!
4. 强化审题,应对综合类话题
我们2011年11月份参加了British Council组织的雅思研讨会,会上雅思考官提出了对中国同学的“忠告”:address the task directly(直接处理题目). 他们提醒说,很多题目都有两个方面或者更多的内容需要回答和处理,不能“简单化”为某一个话题,抓住一点不及其余。这个问题成为困扰很多同学取得6分或6.5分的直接瓶颈,这尤其体现在综合类话题的处理上。下面是我从2011年考题中精选的题目,供大家思考练习。
1) Some people believe governments should spend money saving languages of few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your position.
2) Some people think the government should spend more money on public services other than waste money on arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree
3) More government money should be invested in teaching science rather than other subjects for a country to develop and progress. Do you agree or disagree?
4) All over the world, people watch foreign films much more than locally produced films. Why? Should the government provide financial support to the local film industries?
PART Ⅲ 2012年Task 1备考策略
2011年的task 1考试中,跟往年相比没有太大的变化。 各题型考试次数和比例如下:
我们建议考生从以下几个方面复习task 1:
1. 重视地图题和流程图:从剑桥真题或者新航道写作教材中选择典型题目研究其范文,总结写作思路和表达,并进行写作练习。
2. 分题型准备四类数据类图表作文: 每一种题目需要准备思路及相关词汇,要重点训练bar/table/pie三种复杂图形的数据分析以及有效的比较对比。
3. 重视限时模考训练:完全按照考试状态在规定时间(20min)内写作task 1题目,每种题型练习2篇,熟方能生巧。
更多雅思写作备考信息和预测更新请关注:
www.weibo.com/zhengqingli
附录部分:
2011年Task 2写作新题
2011.1.15
Some workplaces tend to employ an equal number of women and men. Do you think it is positive or negative for the social development?
2011.3.12
Competitiveness is very important for people in modern society. What are the positive and negative effects on individuals?
2011.4.30
Foreign tourists should be charged more than local people when visiting cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree
2011.7.28
In schools and universities, some girls tend to study liberal arts, but boys choose to study science. Why is this case happening? Should this tendency be changed?
2011.7.30
Some people think government should ban all forms of dangerous sports. Others believe that people should be free to make decisions for their own. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
2011.8.27
All over the world people watch foreign film much more than local produced films. Why? Should the government provide financial support to the local film industries?
2011.9.24
The best way for a country to prepare for the future is investing more resources in its young people. How true do you think it is? What is the best way to invest the resources?
2011.12.20
The human activities have negative effects on the plant and animal species. Someone think it is too late to do anything about it while others suggest taking effective actions to solve it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion
2011.12.17
In some parts of the world, it is becoming increasingly popular to find out the history of your family. Why do you think people choose to do so? Is it a positive or negative development?
(原文摘自新航道《雅思频道》2012上半年刊)
作者简介:郑庆利 牛津大学应用语言学与第二语言习得硕士,北京新航道学校雅思写作主讲。著有胡敏雅思第六代之《雅思写作教程5分-6.5分》、《就是要你过雅思写作6.5分》。曾被北京市海淀区政府教委授予“2009北京市海淀区教师”。
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