2010年雅思写作考试总结与备考策略

文/新航道雅思写作：郑庆利

本文从考试题源、题型特点、话题规律三个方面对2010年1-3季度task 2真题进行了统计总结，并建立在科学统计的基础上结合历年考试规律为同学们指出了今年一季度的三大备考方法，并提供了6道题型训练题、12道不同话题的预测题供同学们练习。此外，文章一部分（PART Ⅲ）谈及了task 1的备考思路。

PART Ⅰ前三季度写作考试总结

截至2010年10月1号，今年中国大陆考区共考试35次。总体上来讲，task 2的考试可谓波澜不惊。本文将从题源、题型以及话题分类的三大角度对task 2考题进行分析。

题源分析

从题源的角度上来看，只有其中的5次考试为新题，剩余的大部分题目是以前题库题目的翻新或重新考察。

题型分析

从题型的角度上来看，24次考试为argumentation类题型，11次为RP类题型，

 
注：
Argumentation类题型指讨论一个话题或者针对某一观点发表看法，包括discuss, agree or disagree, what do you think等提问方式；
RP类题型指讨论一个问题的原因结果，并提出一定的解决方案，包括why is this the case, what are the reasons/causes, what measures should be taken等提问方式。

话题分析

从话题的角度上看，35个题目中，前三大话题分别为科技、教育、社会问题，占了总题目数量的66%，具体分类如下：

PARTⅡ 第四季度备考策略及推荐训练题

第四季度的task 2备考要把握3个主要原则：

1. 题型上，“两手抓，两手都要硬”
今年前三个季度的考试跟2009年的考试存在的一大不同，就是RP类型题目的大比例出现，将近占了1/3。在此基础上，我们提醒即将参加考试的同学们一定要对于RP类和Argumentation类“两手抓，两手都要硬”。针对每类题目的特点应该具备的相应的解题方法、思路结构都需要“烂于胸，熟于笔”，不仅要思想上能认清对方，一定要训练并具备规定时间内迅速反应的能力。

推荐题型训练题：
1) It has been suggested that everyone in the world wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do you think the disadvantages of such a development outweigh its advantages?
2) Some people consider that school education should  concentrate on academic subjects which would be helpful for their future careers, and subjects like music and sport are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3) Some people say politicians promote the development of society. However, others believe that it is scientists who have more influence on the world. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4) More and more works is done by the machines. What are the impacts on individuals and society? What’s your opinion?
5) International travel seems to make people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What do you think are the reasons for people to fail to benefit from the international travel and how to improve the understanding between different countries?
6) The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities to work can cause serious problems in both places. What are the serious problems and what measures can be taken to solve the problems?

2. 题库上，把握“母题”，举一反三

今年前三季度的考试中，30道题目在题库中都能找到其原题或与之相似的旧题，只有5道较新的题目，而2009年，全年也只有4道较新的题目。综合历年出题情况，第四季度的考试中一定是大部分仍以旧题为主。
为此，首先，同学们应熟悉近5年的写作考试题库，可参考胡敏雅思第6代教材《雅思考试写作教程》（5-6.5）的附录部分，其中总结了2006年到2010年的写作题目。其次，同学们应该把握题库中最核心的具有举一反三性质的“母题”，这样我们才能在题海中做到游刃有余。

关于“母题”：
其他题目都是在它基础上演变而来，故称之为母题。下面方框中是题库中的一道核心“母题”：

请读者仔细观察下面的题目：
 Some people think  the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better  alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
显然，这道题目跟母题#18是极其相似的，在写两道题目时很多素材和语句是可以相互替换的。

请读者仔细观察2009年曾经考过的两道犯罪类题目：
 Research suggests that the majority of  criminals who were sent to prison would continue to commit crimes when set free.  Why do you think this is the case?  What can be done to solve this problem?2009.6.13
 Some people think  lawbreakers should be sent to prisons while others claim they should be made to work in communities. Discuss both and give your own opinion. 2009.9.17
显然，2009年这两道题目仍然在讨论如何处理罪犯/犯罪的话题，跟母题#18仍然是异曲同工。如果一个考生在考试之前已经很好的思考或者练习了母题#18，或者看了其范文，那可想而知，这个学生更容易获得好成绩甚至是超常的发挥——即使这些题目在所谓的题型上并不一致。

第四季度推荐母题

1) Many people believe that the main aim for university education is to help graduates to find better jobs, while some people believe that university education has wider benefits for individuals and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2) The government thinks that education system should be up to date. The following are a list of the subjects taught in school. Which two do you think are the most important subjects and which one is the least important to young people?
literature   sports
mathematics  economic
physics      music
psychology   history
geography    foreign languages
3) Some people argue that teaching children of different abilities together benefits all of them. Others believe that intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment. Discuss both views and how do you think about it?
4) Some people think teachers have a greater influence than parents on the development of a child’s intelligence and social skills. Do you agree or disagree?
5) Children who are brought up in families which don't have large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with the problem of adult life than children brought up in wealthier families. Do you agree or disagree？
6) It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. What are the possible reasons for this and what can be done to reverse the trend?
7) When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
8) The range and quality of  food have been improved by the advancement of science and technology. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages about this and present your view.
9) Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
10) We get knowledge from news, but some people think we can not trust the journalist. What do you think? And what do you think is the important qualities that a journalist should have?
11) In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising which try to persuade children to buy snacks, toys，and other goods. Parents object to such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information in these advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
12) Some people think the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentence. Others, however, think there are better alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
（相关范文可参考新航道雅思培训自学参考新航道郑庆利编著、中国出版集团出版2009年版《就是要你过雅思写作6.5》）

3. 高分无它，唯手熟尔

在考试之前，考生应该进行大量练习，从题型和题库话题两个方面选取足量的题目进行练习。练习可以分为两个部分：题型部分的练习以研究规律、熟悉写作方法为主，可以采取不限时训练的方式，建议大家把我们推荐的6道题目全部写一遍；题库母题部分的练习以训练速度、积累素材和词汇为主，所以需要采取限时训练的形式，建议大家把我们推荐的12道第四季度母题全部写一遍（如果时间有限，不能完成，需要写作较详细的提纲）。

在跟同学们的交流中，我们发现很多同学考试之前只写过2-3篇文章，甚至有的同学篇完整的作文是在考场上完成的。这种情况实在令人担忧。我们需要很严肃的提醒同学们：没有足量的练习，就没有写作的提高，也没有高分的保证。普遍来讲，高分写作的诞生，“无它，唯手熟尔”!

PART Ⅲ 第四季度Task 1备考策略

前三季度的task 1考试中，跟往年相比有一个非常大的变化——地图题出现了6次并有1次流程图！
各题型比例如下：

 
总体上来说，第四季度的task 1备考应该是“一颗红心，两手准备”。意思是，主要的题目应该是常规的四种数据类图表作文，每一种题目需要准备思路及相关词汇，建议大家选用剑桥范文或是新航道《雅思考试写作教程》中的范文分题型进行练习；同时，需要准备2道流程图题目，以防“天有不测风云”，做到有备无患。

郑庆利简介：新航道雅思写作主讲，四川大学英语语言文学学士。胡敏雅思教材第六代之《雅思写作教程5分-6.5分》主要编纂者之一，代表作《就是要你过雅思写作6.5分》。因其在雅思写作研究与教学方面的突出成绩，被北京市海淀区政府教委授予“2009北京市海淀区教师”称号。其授课风格幽默风趣、激情飞扬，以实用有效的写作技能教授出无数雅思写作高分学生，被学员亲切称为“小强老师”。