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2014 年的雅思写作考试已完美收官,下面为各位带来全年共48场写作考试的一些重点回顾和特点分析。
一、TASK1考情回顾和分析:
(数据类图依然坚挺,非数据类图开始反扑)
2014年全年的数据类图达到35次,仍然占据主导地位。但另外一方面,地图和流程图居然一共考察了13次之多,频率较往年高了不少,且7月两次考了流程图,10月和11月都分别各考了一次地图,让当时的很多烤鸭措手不及。值得注意的是,今年饼图只出现了两次,频率较低。组合图出现了4次,其中两次柱图+表格,一次曲线+柱图,和一次表格+柱图。各类图表的具体考察次数如下图所示:
显而易见,数据类图,即线图,饼图,柱图和表格的地位依然保持,它们各自的分段和描述方法也一直是教学和备考的重点。表面上看,数据类图表种类是4中,但它们的写作方法却大同小异,烤鸭只需掌握“动态图 (以线图为代表)”和“静态图(以饼图为代表)”的核心写作技巧,即可举一反三,触类旁通。组合图考察频率相对比较稳定,但也是每年必考至少3次以上。
此外,非数据类图,即流程图和地图,它们的考察次数今年大有上升反扑的势头,在来年写作备考过程中不可轻视,也更不应该被写作老师宣传为“非主流”题型。地图题要多多关注“时间变迁类地图”,如11月13日考的“一个会议室现在和将来的对比”。此种题型主要考察三项能力:找出图中重要细节变化的能力;熟悉使用一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时描述变化的能力;灵活应用方位词和变化词的能力。 相比主要涉及地址优缺点描述能力的“选址类地图题” 而言,“时间变迁类地图”难度系数更高。
总之,2014年的TASK1考情特点应该是:“数据类图依然坚挺,非数据类图开始反扑”。
二、TASK2考情回顾和分析
和TASK1相比,TASK2的考察范围,题目种类和对思维的挑战度都更具开放度和挑战性。 全年48个大作文考题大概具有以下四个特点:
1、 永远的“三足鼎立”
和往年一样,2014一整年所考TASK2题目也都归结为辩论类,报告类和综合类这三类题型。所谓“辩论类”就是对一个对象利弊的讨论或两个观点合理性的探讨及选择;“报告类”主要围绕某件事情的原因,后果和解决方案展开提问;而综合类考题则糅杂了前两种考题的提问方式。48场A类大作文,按题目类型划分,具体考察次数如下图:
显然,辩论类依然是考察的重中之重,而报告类和综合类的考察次数都相对比较稳定,还是完全处于配角地位,穿插在辩论类题目中偶尔给烤鸭们突然袭击和小惊喜。
在此要强调的是,不管是何种类型的考题,写作时都要涵盖住提问。每类考题的提问一般都是双数的,辩论类应该写成双边论证,正反方都应该写到;报告类一般也都会调查某个现象的两个因素,最常见的是原因和解决方案;综合类肯定也会有两个提问,一个辩论形式,另一个报告形式。所以,大作文的写作都是要涉及题目和提问中的“双边或双方”,否则可能会造成评分标准中“任务完成度(TA)”一项的分数损失。
2、 非主流一起“致青春”
既然报告类和综合类相对于辩论类而言,一直属于非主流题型,我们有必要一一回顾,再次体会它们的考察点和难度系数。
2014年所考察的4个报告类题目:
1. Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem? (2014.1.18)
2. Many young people who leave school hold a negative attitude towards learning. Why does this happen? What do you think would encourage them to have a positive attitude? (2014.5.24)
3. In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why do you think it is the case? How should children or teenagers be punished? (2014.8.2)
4. The major cities in the world are growing fast. What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? How to solve these problems? (2014.9.6)
以上四个报告类题目中,一半关注孩子,另一半着眼于年轻人。就考题实质而言,其实都在探讨随着社会发展和科技进步,孩子和年轻人在学习态度,行为模式和生活方式三方面所发生的改变,所产生的问题,以及可能的解决预案。可见,今年的报告类全部局限于“低龄化”的主人公和“生活化”的大背景,对思路的挑战不大,组织英文措辞的难度系数也不高,完全符合报告类“接地气”的特色。所以,不要再认为报告类是洪水猛兽类考题。相比辩论类题目而言,它们大多都是和考生的生活和学习很接近的话题,让你有话可说,甚至思路多多。
2014年所考察的4个综合类题目:
1. Many young people choose to change their job after few years. Why? Do the disadvantages overweight the advantages? (2014.1.11)
2. Television advertising aimed at children nowadays. What are the effects of television advertising for children? Should television advertising for children be controlled? ( 2014.4.24)
3. An increasing number of people change their careers in their life time. What do you think are the causes? Do you think it is a positive or negative trend? (2014.6.21)
4. In some countries, more and more people choose to live by themselves, what are the causes? Is it a positive or negative trend? (2014.9.27 )
和报告类考题神相似,以上四个综合类考题也全是以孩子和年轻人为切入点。可见今年的8个所谓非主流题目都是在“致青春”。 几乎可以肯定地是,青少年和年轻人的“学习,生活,工作”三方面相关议题将会是雅思大作文考察的常客和重点。
3、主流中永恒的“经典”
再来梳理一下全年所考察过的辩论类题目。“民生问题”一直都是辩论类考察的重点,以民生最直接相关的两大经典考点还是当属“教育和科技”,它们几乎是每年雅思大作文的,属于烤鸭们备考过程中绕不开的经典话题。而今年所考察的40个辩论类题目中,有多达13个题目属于教育科技范畴。
总地来看,教育类话题的考察点大体集中于“教育方法,教育内容,教育目的,教育经费以及教育对象”,以下是全年教育类考题梳理:
2014.2.22
Educating children is expensive and in some countries the government pays some or all of the costs. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages? (教育经费)
2014.3.8
Some people think that all young people should be required to stay in full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To some extent do you agree or disagree? (教育对象)
2014.4.12
Some say the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society. Others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (教育目的)
2014.5.17
Children can learn effectively from watching television. Therefore children should be encouraged to watch television regularly both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (教育手段)
2014.12.04
Some people say that it is better to teach language students in small classes, while others think that the number of students does not matter. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (教育手段)
2014.12.20
Some people think painting and drawings are as important as other subjects, they should be compulsory in high school education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (教育内容)
科技类考题的考察点则围绕“科技造成的影响”。这种考题的一大特色是:往往会牵扯到“传统和现代”之间的碰撞和博弈,来看以下题目:
2014.3.13
Some people believe that printed books are no longer necessary in this digital era as all writings can be stored electronically. Others think that printed books still play an important role. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (电子书籍VS纸质书籍)
2014.4.26
In most countries, with the widespread of the use of Internet, people have more freedom to choose to work and study at home instead of travelling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (传统办公/上学与VS远程办公/教学)
2014.6.19
Some people think that it’s easier for adults to learn practical skills (such as computer skills) by themselves;others think that it’s better to learn with a teacher in the classroom. Discuss both sides and give your opinions. (网络教学VS课堂教学)
2014.9.4
Now people in many countries can live and work anywhere they choose with improved communication technology and transport. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (工作和生活地点选择的变化)
2014.10.11
More people are using mobile phones and computers to communicate. Therefore people are losing the ability to communicate with each other face to face. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (面对面交流能力的缺失)
2014.10.18
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn about the other culture. We can learn as much from books, films and the internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(亲自到当地旅游的必要性探讨)
2014.11.22
Online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? (网路购物VS实体购物)
以上题目都涉及到以网络为代表的现代通讯科技给人们的工作,学习和生活方式三方面带来的影响和改变。这些题目的论证会涉及“虚拟”和“现实”两者的优缺点对比,给写作造成一定思路挑战。比较典型的就是“亲自到现场旅游的必要性”这一考题,很多烤鸭并不能很准确地找到或者表达“现实场景的旅游”和“虚拟的网络了解”相比,到底有什么具体的优势。类似地,“用手机和电脑交流”到底是否让“面对面交流能力”缺失?,也是一个模棱两可,似是而非的辩论话题,给论证造成不小难度。相比之下,“电子书籍VS纸质书籍”,“传统办公/上学与VS远程办公/教学”,“网络教学VS课堂教学”,“工作和生活地点选择的变化”,和“网路购物VS实体购物”这些话题就简单多了,且“远程教学和办公”相关话题几乎是每年都会考察至少一次的经典中的经典。
4、主流中显赫的“新贵”
除上述教育和科技两大话题外,2014年有一类话题较往年更加频繁出现,堪称名媛新贵。它们是一系列和“城市生活和政府投资”相关的考题,下面是一些具有代表性的题目梳理:
2014.1.9
Some people think the best way to solve traffic congestions in cities is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (提供免费的公共交通是否是解决交通堵塞的方法)
2014.2.13
Towns and cities are attractive places. Some suggest the government should spend money putting in more works of art like paintings and statues to make them better to live in. Agree or disagree? (政府是否应该花钱在艺术作品上)
2014.3.1
Living in big city can be bad for people’s health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (在大城市生活是否有利于健康)
2014.3.15
It is important for all towns and cities to have large public spaces like squares and parks, do you agree or disagree? (所有的城镇和城市是否应该配套广场和公园)
2014.7.19
Some people believe that the government have the duty to ensure its citizens have a healthy diet,while others believe that it is individuals' responsibility to care for their diet and health. Discuss both sides and give your opinion? (政府是否应该对人们的饮食健康进行干预)
2014.8.16
Governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move from large cities to regional areas. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (政府鼓励大公司和企业搬到郊区的利弊)
2014.10.2
Government funding should only be provided for the best students as scholarships. Other funding of universities should come from student fees and private organizations. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (政府基金是否可以用于除大学奖学金之外的方面)
2014.12.06
Some people think that "vertical City" is the best, where people live and work in tall buildings. Others think that “horizontal”City is better, where there are few tall buildings. Discuss both views and give your opinion (高楼林立的城市VS平面城市)
以上考题其本质仍然是“民生问题”,而民生问题则必然涉及到公众,城市和政府等各方利益。这些话题和教育科技相比,距离考生的学习生活稍远,却又息息相关。写此类文章时,可以从各个利益相关方来找理由。如“政府鼓励大公司和企业搬到郊区的利弊”就可以从“政府,公司企业,员工,城市,郊区”这些方面来阐述。此外,“分类讨论”的思维也可以大量用于此类题目的论证,如:“政府是否应该对人们的饮食健康进行干预”一题,可以分为“被认为对大众健康有害的饮食习惯应该由政府宣传干预,如快餐等高热量,低纤维的食品消费习惯”,和“对大众健康无碍,个性化的饮食习惯就由人们自由选择”。
以上题目中,“提供免费的公共交通是否是解决交通堵塞的方法”一题值得注意,其所代表的题目类型为“补充说明型”。所谓“补充说明”是指:题目所给观点具有一定合理性,但又显得过于,写作者一般应该持半支持态度,且需补充其他考虑因素来完善总观点。这样的题目往往会有一些化的措辞,比较典型的代表就是形容词的级。如本题所中:“提供免费的公共交通是解决交通堵塞的方法” 这一观点的确存在合理性,但同时又显得不够全面,因为“解决交通堵塞”的方法应该不仅仅局限于一种,方法还有很多。
对于此种特殊的辩论类题目,比较合理的主体结构应该是:“主体段承认化观点的合理性”;“主体第二段补充说明其他应该被纳入考虑范围的因素”;而结尾段肯定是提出“让步而又具有全盘考虑性质”的观点,本题结尾的表态应该是:“虽然提供免费公共交通在一定程度上可以缓解堵塞,但与此同时其他方法和途径也应被纳入考虑范围,如哪些哪些方法。只有多种措施的共同参与,才能从真正意义上改善交通状况”。
以上为2014年大小作文的几个重要特点和典型考题梳理回顾。总地来看,雅思写作的出题方向还是趋于稳定且贴近生活。希望以上分享能在题型,考察特点和复习侧重点等方面给各位考生带来一定帮助。
【简介】
饶晓勇 Clemen,毕业于西南财经大学,扎实的英文基础和五年的教学经验沉淀了一套独特的授课风格;著有《雅思9页半》和《托福9页半》两本写作资料。 2010年2月获成都新航道年度员工奖;2010年11月获得新航道集团第六代雅思教材教案评比大赛奖;2011年9月获成都新航道暑期教学质量奖;2012年3月获成都新航道寒假班教学魅力奖;2014年10月获新航道国际教育集团10周年典型人物奖;现任成都新航道写作组组长。