考研英语阅读--如何快速了解主题信息

　　考研英语中，阅读理解4篇文章，20道选择题，总计40分，占据考研英语的半壁江山，其重要程度可想而知。

　　如果考研英语想要拿到一个理想的分数，那么阅读理解这个模块的分数就不能太低。今天，我们就来看看考研英语中阅读题目的考察本质。

　　阅读理解的题型虽有多种(可以细分为主旨题、例证题、推理题、态度题、细节题、词义题、句子理解题、判断题)，但包括细节题的大多数题目对于文章的考察多多少少都和主旨相关，因为细节服务主旨，段落主旨服务文章主旨。

　　所以，从宏观上了解文章的主旨、段落的主旨，可以帮助我们更好地做题。那么如何快速了解文章主旨呢?

　　方法1: 文章的题目中如果重复出现一些词，那这些词基本就能够体现文章主题信息。

　　e.g. 2004年text1:

　　21. How did Redmon find his job?22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?23. The expression “tip service” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?25. Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　这篇文章的题目中重复出现了job和agent，由此推测文章主题应是通过agent之类的途径找工作。

　　还有选项中如果有高频出现的词，也可以提示主题信息。

　　e.g. 2008 text1

　　21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

　　22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women .[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress[C] are more capable of avoiding stress[D] are exposed to more stress

　　由题目中高频出现的women和stress不难推测文章主题是和女性压力相关的内容。

　　方法2: 当题目中没有明显重复出现的信息时，可以结合文章首尾段了解主题。大部分文章的开头段落都是开门见山解释主题的，少部分是铺垫，主题会放在在后面。

　　但文章最后一段基本都是能够呼应主题，体现作者观点态度的，所以可以结合首位段了解文章主题。

　　e.g. 2007年text3

　　这篇文章从题目中无法看出主题词，我们就从首位段了解下文章主题:

　　首段: During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

　　尾段：From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

　　首段2句话表明美国中产阶级从之前经济状况能够保持稳定到现在因为经济风险和新的现实状况而导致经济状况非常不稳定。

　　尾段2句话表明从中产阶级家庭的角度看，这一现象根本不像是履行更多经济责任的机会，而是把经济风险大规模转移到他们肩膀上的加速过程。这一看法也暗含美国政府在处理经济风险上的政策的倾向性。

　　所以本文主要在讲美国中产阶级的经济状况面临危机。了解到主题之后，再来看题目，抓住了主旨，有些题目的干扰性就可以直接排除了。

　　32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments. [C] less chance to invest. [D] a guaranteed future.

　　此题一看，A和D选项基本可以排除了，因为和主题基调相反，剩下B、C选项再拿到原文进行比对就可以了。

　　35. Which of the following is the best title for this text? [A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruin

　　这一题也能够快速选出答案为B(处于危险边缘的中产阶级)。

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