前招生官解读：后疫情时代，如何发挥成绩单在留学申请中的作用

　　受新冠疫情影响，2020年期间，以8所藤校为代表的世界陆续宣布取消“标化成绩”递交这一要求及过程。但这对于中国学子，真的是一件好事吗？

　　通常，在美国大学申请中，申请者都需要提交申请材料，其中包括语言水平考试成绩（托福/雅思/Duolingo）和美国高考成绩（SAT/ACT）等，这些考试我们习惯性地统称为“标准化考试成绩”。

　　不单单是八大老牌藤校，排名前20的除了麻省理工大学（MIT）之外，全部都不要求标准化考试的成绩。一石激起千层浪，越来越多的学校纷纷寻求新的“标准”为新一年级的招生做准备。

　　不递交标化成绩用什么打动招生官？

　　中国学子向来的硬分数优势该如何保持？

　　递交申请资料的时候要怎样凸显个人优势？

　　别慌！！！先来听一听zi深招生官怎么说！

　　在耶鲁大学等从事过20余年招生工作的gao级招生官，听听他是如何看待SAT标化成绩的，再决定自己要不要备考吧！

　　耶鲁前招生官

　　Lloyd Peterson

　　耶鲁大学前gao级招生官

　　新航道山东学校升学总监

　　美国大学升学顾问联盟zi深成员，常春藤联盟及姐妹学校财政资助招生联合委员前主席。在耶鲁大学等从事过20余年招生工作，每一封耶鲁大学的offer都由他亲自签发，对于美国的录取标准和流程非常熟悉，在美国招生官界拥有极高的声誉和威望。

　　听耶鲁前招生官怎么说

　　The transcript is one of the most powerful documents provided in the application process and is often one of the first components of the college application that admission officers consider. A student’s GPA, found on a transcript, is regarded as a significant indicator of success once in university and therefore has an essential role when considering applicants.

　　成绩单作为美国大学申请中最为重要的材料之一，也是招生官在众多申请材料中会首要参考的一部分。成绩单上显示的GPA成绩，被看作是申请者能否在大学有着you秀表现的重要指标。因此，在申请审理中起着至关重要的作用。

　　According to the latest NACAC State of College Admissions report, 95% of all admissions officers surveyed place some level of importance on grades. Some may be surprised to learn that the utility of the transcript does not end with a cumulative GPA. Colleges and universities want to see that the student selected challenging and rigorous courses throughout high school while maintaining strong academic markings/grades. The same NACAC report found 92.7% of admissions officers placed some level of importance on the strength of an applicant’s curriculum.

　　根据美国大学招生咨询委员会（NACAC）新的大学录取报告显示，95%参与调查的招生官都对申请者的成绩单给予很高的重视。有人可能会惊讶的发现，成绩单并非只体现出申请者的GPA成绩。高校希望看到申请者在高中阶段选择了具有挑战性和一定学术难度的课程，并且能够在此基础上保持良好的成绩。NACAC的报告中还指出，92.7%的招生官会比较重视申请者的课程。

　　Within one document, admissions officers find initial answers to many questions about an applicant, including academic interests and academic performance. Since the data on a transcript cannot be formed in a single year, but rather over several years, the final version of a transcript reflects hundreds of days, lessons, projects, projects, tests, and evaluations. Most importantly, it is an accurate reflection on the relationship between teacher and student. And despite Covid-19 having forced the majority of teaching online (at least for now), admission officers continue to place the highest degree of importance on the relationship between teacher and student. That said, let us take a deeper look at the transcript.

　　招生官可以通过这一份材料找到很多他们想要了解的申请者在学术兴趣和学业表现方面的信息。成绩单上并非只有一年的数据，它体现了一个学生几年的表现。一份完整的成绩单体现了学生在高中阶段参与的课程、学术项目、考试和评价。最重要的是，它还能真实的反映出老师跟学生的关系。尽管疫情期间多数的课程改为线上授课（至少目前还是），招生官仍然会非常关注师生关系。也就是说，我们要对成绩单进行更加深入的认识。

　　Course Rigor

　　课程难度

　　There is an unspoken understanding regarding the academic challenges and rigor awaiting students in college. College will not be the 13th year of high school, and therefore, admissions officers often consider an applicant’s preparation for college and desire to be challenged in high school. The transcript, in conjunction with a high school’s academic profile or curriculum offering, helps admissions officers address these questions. I often asked myself, “which challenging academic opportunities were available to this student and which opportunities did they choose to pursue?” In the most competitive applicant pools, successful applicants have chosen to take the most rigorous courses available, including Advanced Placement courses, Dual Enrollment, or earning a full IB Diploma.

　　大学并非高中的延续，学生在大学阶段面临的学术挑战和课程难度是不言而喻的。因此招生官通常会考量一个申请者是否对大学做好了准备且愿意在高中阶段挑战自我。一份附有高中学术介绍和课程设置的成绩单，能够帮助招生官弄清楚这些问题。我经常自问，“这个学生具备哪些学术挑战的机会， 他利用了哪些机会提升自己的学术背景？”在具竞争力的申请者中脱颖而出的学生通常都选择了难度zui高的课程，例如AP课程，双学分课程，或者获取IB文凭。

　　Rigor in Core Courses

　　必修课课程难度

　　There are classes considered to be core courses within most high schools and others considered to be electives. The core courses reflect a school’s educational philosophy and are sure to include Math, Science, History, English, and World Languages. These academic areas often receive more consideration within the admissions process as they correlate with a college’s general education requirements. When making curriculum choices, students should be sure to include the appropriate amount of rigor in their curriculum, specifically in core courses. Families trying to determine the “appropriate amount of rigor” should consider a student’s entire course load and academic success within the class. Grades are only part of the consideration.

　　多数高中都有必修课和选修课。必修课体现了一个学校的教育理念，通常都会有数学、科学、历史、世界语言等科目。这些课程能够满足大学教育的基础要求，因此在申请中占据了更为重要位置。学生在选课的时，应根据自身课程体系选择合理数量的高阶课程，尤其是必修课。有些家庭认为“高阶课程的选择”取决于学生的整体课程数量以及能否取得you秀的成绩。其实成绩只是考量的一部分。

　　Grading Scales

　　评分标准

　　Across the landscape of high schools, there are a variety of grading scales. As an admissions officer, I have seen grading scales using numbers, letters, phrases and symbols. Some high schools use no grades at all, simply written narratives! To calibrate across the application pool, many universities try to find ways to normalize the reported results. For example, some universities have the initial admissions officer recalculate an applicant’s GPA to an internal, weighted scale. Still, other universities may ask the applicant to transcribe their transcript onto a standard form, forgoing the requirement of an official transcript for an initial evaluation. Public universities (ex. University of California and Penn State) tend to use the self-reporting option.

　　世界各国的高中有着各种各样的评分标准。作为一名招生官，我见过的评分标准有用数字、字母、短语和符号表达的。一些高中甚至只写评价，不评分。很多大学试图在所有申请者提供的成绩单中找到一个统一的标准来评定成绩。例如，一些学校让招生官使用内部统一的加权标准来重新换算申请者的GPA成绩。也有一些学校在初审阶段不要求提供官方成绩单，而是要求申请者自行将成绩单转换成统一的标准。公立大学（如加州大学和宾州州立大学）倾向使用自主申报成绩的方式。

　　Grade Trends

　　成绩趋势

　　In addition to a student’s cumulative performance, admissions offices can also consider grades in that are important to specific majors. For students pursuing engineering, Physics and Calculus were the first subjects I reviewed. In addition, a student’s performance over time, from year to year, admission officers will also pay close attention to.  An upward swing in grades often reflect maturity, growth, and potential. While a positive trend in grades could be considered, be forewarned that improvement in Senior year / Grade III alone will not erase a poor record during the first few years of high school. All in all, it’s imperative to plan ahead and be aware.

　　除平均成绩外，在特定申请专业中，招生官还会考量学生在其申请专业相关的学科上的成绩表现。例如对于申请工程专业的学生，我首先会看他们物理和微积分学科的成绩。此外，招生官还会密切关注学生逐年来的整体表现。成绩呈上升趋势体现了学生的成熟度、个人成长、和学术潜力。成绩有所进步固然是好的，但要注意，如果高中前面几年成绩不佳，只有在最后一年/高三成绩提高也是不够的。总之，提前了解和规划是非常有必要的。

　　How to Build a Stellar Transcript

　　如何收获一份漂亮的成绩单

　　The transcript speaks to your academic journey through high school. In order to maximize the power of your academic choices, I suggest the following:

　　成绩单代表了你整个高中阶段的学业历程。为了zui大限度的发挥成绩单在申请中的作用，我

　　有如下几点建议：

　　Plan ahead.

　　It is never too early to map out all four years of your time in high school. Be sure to consider graduation requirements as well as opportunities for academic rigor. When you have completed your map, check in with an advisor, counselor, or professional familiar with your academic choices within your school.

　　提前规划。

　　请提前做好高中四年（初三+高中）的整体规划。一定要考虑学校的毕业要求和其能够提供的课程难度。有了整体规划之后，及时跟学术顾问、班主任、或者相关负责老师沟通，了解学校能够帮助你提高学术水平的机会。

　　Balance your choices.

　　If you are offered flexibility and a variety of courses, be sure to make room for your individual academic interests. Use your electives to dive into a concept or discipline you may want to explore in college.

　　平衡选择。

　　如果学校提供了灵活多样的课程， 你一定要为自己的学术兴趣留出足够的空间。利用选修课机会进一步探索你想在大学阶段学习的专业相关的知识。

　　Ask for an unofficial copy of your transcript.

　　Many students may be surprised to see the information listed on the transcript. For some schools, it might include tardies/absences, immunizations, class rank, etc. It is never too early or late to see the information an admissions officer will see. It is also an excellent time to check for accuracy.

　　申请一份非官方成绩单。

　　很多学生在第1次看到成绩单后才惊讶的发现，有些学校的成绩单上会显示迟到/缺勤率、疫苗、排名等信息。提前了解招生官所看到的内容是非常有必要的。同时也可以提前核对成绩单信息的准确性。

　　Ask for help when you need it.

　　Never be afraid to seek help from teachers, tutors, parents, or peers if you are struggling with a course or subject area. Early intervention can help you get your academic performance back on track and alleviate a lot of stress down the line. Ask for teachers to further explain concepts you have not quite grasped. Seek the help of tutors if you have fallen way behind. If your course load is too demanding, meet with your counselor or administrator to see what options you have. If you got a bad grade on a test or paper that is dragging down your course grade, see what extra work or assignments you can do to possibly boost your average. Teachers and counselors want to help you succeed, so ask for help when you need it. Addressing problems early will help you continue your grade trends and help you build a strong transcript.

　　及时寻求帮助。

　　如果你在某个科目或学术领域遇到困难，一定要及时向老师、辅导员、家长或者同学寻求帮助。尽早的介入可以帮助你从根本上上减轻压力，并保持稳定的学术表现。请老师讲解你没有完全理解的知识点。如果成绩落后，还可以寻求课外辅导。如果课业负担过重，可以跟班主任或者相关老师沟通，寻求解决方案。如果你某次的考试或者作业成绩不好，且会影响到这门课的整体成绩，可以问一下任课老师是否可以做补充任务或作业来提高平均成绩。老师和班主任也希望能够帮助到你，所以要学会及时寻求帮助。尽早解决问题会让你维持成绩稳定，最终获得一份漂亮的成绩单。

　　While the transcript is not the only factor that admissions officers evaluate when making admissions decisions, it is by far the most important. Students need to put an academic plan in place as early as possible and be prepared to make adjustments along the way to ensure they are reaching their academic potential and performing well in the classroom.

　　虽然成绩单并非招生官录取申请者的唯1考量因素，但它仍然是一项极为重要的材料。学生在尽可能早的做好学业计划的同时，也要根据学业进度及时作出相应调整，以求能够zui大限度的发挥自己的学术潜能，获得出色的学业表现。

　　对于想申请海外的学子来说，成绩单是必要且愈发重要的一部分。因此，提早规划、合理安排考试节奏很重要，在取得理想分数后，以十足的底气拓展个性的边界，才能更好地助力梦校申请，实现升学理想！

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