托福口语第三题答题技巧

　　托福考试口语部分中的第三题是托福口语四道题中被广大考生认为难度的一道题。它和第二题一样也是一道R/L/S题目，但因为是学术场景的题目（不同于校园场景的第二题），考生在此题中遇到的阅读和听力部分的内容与第二题中的有着很大的差异。因为本题的难度较高，很多考生在回答此题时一般压力会比较大。希望这里通过对一道真题的解读，让考生们更加清楚的了解此题的考点，经过练习可以在考试的时候做到从容不迫。

　　阅读部分要求：找到学术概念的定义（搞清楚标题上专业术语的具体意思是考生在阅读部分要做的最重要的事）

　　Revealing Coloration

　　Many animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. One defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealing coloration.Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on some part of their body; this bright color is usually hidden from predators' view. When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color; this unexpected display of color startles or confuses the predator and provides the would-be prey with an opportunity to escape.

　　解析：

　　这里大家不难发现Revealing Coloration的定义就是我画下划线的这句话。这里有几个大家在寻找定义时候可以使用的Tips：

　　1. 凡是在阅读中看到“is know as”, “is called”, “is referred to as”, “people refer to this as”, “people call this”等表达，此表达的前一句一般就是定义。

　　2.在正文里找次出现标题词的地方，如果有现成定义句，一般会在标题词的前一句，后一句，或者标题词本身所在的那一句。

　　3. 需要注意，不是所有的阅读中都有现成的定义句，在个别时候，同学们需要自己去总结概念的定义。

　　抓住阅读的概念之后，如果考生还有阅读时间，一定要好好分析阅读其他部分，因为它有助于我们去很好地把握听力的例子，提取出要点信息。接下去做一个分析示范：

　　Revealing Coloration

　　Many animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. One defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealing coloration. Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on some part of their body; this bright color is usually hidden from predators' view. When approached by a predator, the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color; this unexpected display of color startles or confuses the predator and provides the would-be prey with an opportunity to escape.

　　 解析：

　　我们都知道听力部分是教授用一个例子或者两个例子进一步来解释阅读中的学术概念，这题肯定是举动物的例子，那从阅读部分来看，我们可以预判听力的例子应该会从以下五个方面来说：

　　1. area of bright color

　　2. color：hidden

　　3. approached →reveal the area of color

　　4. startle / confuse （预判会举两个例子）

　　5. escape

　　听力部分：

　　eg1：

　　There is a large tropical insect called the Peanut Bug, yes like the peanuts that you eat.Um and the peanut bug's front wings are colored so that they blend in with their surroundings.But its back wings, which are usually closed and hidden, have these bright colorful spots on them and when the peanut bug's attacked, it suddenly opens its back wings and out pop these big bright colors. And thatsurprises the predator and gives the peanut bug a chance to get away.

　　 解析：

　　可以发现听力的个例子完全是按照阅读的5个点来说的:

　　Peanut Bug

　　1.Back wings: bright colorful spots

　　2.Close and hidden

　　3.Be attacked → open wings & out pop colors

　　4.Surprise predator

　　5.Get away

　　eg2：

　　Um and then you have a butterfly called the morpho Butterfly, and parts of the morpho butterfly's wings are very shiny. They reflect a lot of sunlight. When this butterfly is resting, this shiny part of its wings ishidden. Now morpho butterflies are often attacked by birds. So when a bird approaches, the morpho flies away. And when the morph flaps its wings, all the bird can see are flashes of light reflected from the morpho's wings. Those flashes of light make it very difficult for the bird to follow the morpho, and the morpho is usually able to get away.

　　 解析：

　　可以发现听力的第二个例子完全是按照阅读的5个点来说的：

　　Morpho Butterfly

　　1. Parts of the wings: shiny

　　2. Resting, hidden

　　3. Attacked by a bird → fly away & reflect sunlight

　　4. Bird：diff to follow

　　5. Get away

       最后我们把阅读和听力结合起来，就形成了一个完成的答案：

　　Revealing coloration is a defensive strategy involving the use of coloration. And the professor gives us two examples. In the first example, peanut bug’s back wings have some bright colorful spots on them and the wings are usually hidden, but when the peanut bug is attacked, it will open its back wings and reveal the bright colorful spots, which surprises the predator, so the peanut bug can have a chance to escape. In the second example, some parts of morpho butterfly’s wings are shiny and can reflect the sunlight. When it’s resting, the shiny parts are normally hidden, but when it is approached by a bird, it will fly away.And when it flaps its wings, the shiny parts will reflect the sunlight, so the flashes of light will make it difficult for the bird to follow. As a result, the morpho butterfly is able to escape.

　　 注意：

　　在回答综合任务三时，有几点建议给到大家：

　　1. 考生在总结听力中的例子时，应当首先抓住例子的核心信息（那些能够证明阅读中学术概念的语句），根据自己的听力能力和语速适当增加次要的信息，不必太纠结细节。比如本题中个例子里front  wings这个信息点能力强的学生，保证能够60s内说完也可以加进去。

　　2. 如果听力部分中出现专有名词（如动物植物的名字），比如此题中，考生可以用a kind of bug 和 a kind of butterfly来代替；或者可以看题干，并模仿发音，一般题干会出现例子里复杂的动物植物名。不会说专有名词不会造成扣分。

　　3. 不要将阅读和听力部分拆开回答，也就是不要在回答时说”In the reading material... , In the lecture...”,因为综合题就是要综合阅读和听力信息来回答，而不是打两个部分分开处理。

　　4. 当考场上出现阅读的概念没有抓住时，可以一上来就说听力的例子，把听力中的例子清晰、完整的讲清楚，并在最后提到阅读的学术概念词，比如你可以说: As you can see, this is the example which can demonstrate what is 概念词.

　　5. 阅读的这个学术概念词发音不标准不会造成扣分。

　　最后，希望大家在备考托福时，一定要动手分析每道综合口语题，发现每种题型的套路，然后开口说，积累不会的表达，再说，一直到能流利的表达。学然后知不足，知不足，然后自反也；说然后知困，知困，然后能自强也！

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