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托福听力备考的时候,大家一定要了解托福听力包括对话和讲座两大类型,以下小编对于托福听力讲座部分为大家讲解一些方法和技巧,本文涉及的内容很多,希望大家认真学习。
一、抓关键信息
考生可以利用题与题之间的空档时间现察选项的内容,从而推测将要听到的主题和某些细节。由于讲座内容更加专业,这个任务的重要性就更显突出了。在观察好选项之后,听讲座时,仍旧是需要考生特别注重开始、特性、结尾部分。但是和对话不同的是,在讲座中,没有一问一答来提示考生重要信息的所在了。那么一些听力中的关键字,例如表示因果关系的 “because,the reason that,result,therefore”等;表示并列关系的“first,second”等序数词;表示看法的“think,support,believe”之类的词就显得尤为重要了。
二、了解文章结构
一篇听力讲座的原文可以被看作是独立的文章,其中有几部分是常考项目,有一定的规律。例如下面这篇讲座:
On Monday we talked about insects, and how they gather food. Today I’d like to talk about the common garden spider and how it captures its prey with net-like structure it tint produced almost 200 million years ago. I mean, of course a spider web.
What's interesting is why such a delicate structure isn't hard. When a fast-flying insect crashes into it, and compared with the spider, these insects can be huge and really heavy. In fact capturing a large insect in a spider web could be compared to capture an airplane in a fishing net.
So, how can the web offset such a shock without breaking? Is it just because the thread is nude of so strong? well, experts analyze spider webs using a computer program designed when an insect crashed and caught and they found the structure of the web, the way of threads connected together helps balance the strength and tensions caused by the impact and spread them all across the web this saves the web from being destroyed and by the way, suggests some creative new ideas that human might use in designing building. The biggest surprise, though, is the role of air resistance in cushioning the shock of collision. The computer model showed that dragging a tightening thread from a spider web through the air is a lot like pulling a heavy rope through water. And since air resistance acts on many threads all across the web its amazing effect that multiplies many times. And this definitely helps the web survive the impact.
a. 开篇:
讲座的开头一般是说话者承上启下的开场,重温上次的内容并引入这次讲话的主题。这样的信息通畅会被设置成至少一个问题。可能的出题方式是:1. 考查上次所讲内容;2. 考查这次要讲的主题。
b. 主体、细节:
这个讲座主要是讲蜘蛛网的韧性的。听的时候会听到两个问题:What's interesting is why such a delicate structure isn't hard.以及how can the web offset such a shock without breaking? 这两个问题往往就是关键的提示,考生应该有意识地仔细听关于问题的回答,因为对此的回答既是这篇讲座的主要信息所在,也是选择题会出到的考点。
c. 总结、对下一个任务的布置
在这篇讲座中这个特点不是非常明显,但是很多讲座是模拟一堂生动的上课场景的,讲话人会在总结之后顺带提一下将要进行的话题。这种类型的标志性词有“next,all in all,finally,in conclusion,in one word,eventually,at last”等。听到这些字,就意味着听到了对话题的总结以及下一部分可能要做的事情。很多讲座的最后一道题就是针对这一特点设置的。
由以上的例子可见,带有一定的准备去听原文,就会减少盲目性,增加对题目的把握。这篇文章中所提到的听力方法,也许不是解决所有问题的方法,但是可以在很大程度上提高做题的准确性,把听不懂的损失降到。尤其是对很多听力能力本身不是很强的考生,更显得尤为重要。
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