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今天，我们复习指令： Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 上次我们说到应对这个指令还有更多“玄机”和要注意的点，我们今天就来讲讲这些“玄机”和要点。 我们来看文本： In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roads still have a 55mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidents in Butler County this past year than there were five years ago. 我们找出文本中的两个点，以这两个点为例： 【例】 The first point of doubt is about the alleged failure of the reduction of Prunty County’s speed limit. This failure is not sufficient evidence to support the author’s proposal of using other measures to improve the county’s highway safety. In fact, last year’s failure may be a special case that happened last year alone, and that unfavorable situation may change this year or in the future. During last year, there may have been multiple factors affecting the effectiveness of the reduction. For example, since the reduction was implemented for the first year, drivers may have been used to the previous speed limit and have not yet familiar with the new lower limit. Drivers may, from now on, comply with the new speed limit since they may be already aware of the new limit. As a matter of fact, this case is likely as the author provides no evidence that rules out this possibility. 大家有没有发现，怎么没有 specific evidence 那样的字眼去引出evidence 呢？确实没有。那么，evidence究竟在哪里呢？在example这一部分。那么是不是说，evidence并不一定是以evidence这样的字眼来引导？没错，并不一定。也就是说，只要我们的分析中的内容确实有内容在本质上是specific evidence就是在应对这个指令了。 【第二例】 Although Butler County had fewer accidents, this does not mean that the accident rate – the proportion of accidents to the total traffic volume – had been lower. Without knowing the total volume of traffic as the crucial evidence, it is unfair to equate the reduced number of accidents with the reduced rate or better road safety. In other words, it is likely that fewer accidents represent a higher accident rate when the traffic volume also decrease. For example, 75 accidents among 1000 cars or journeys represents a higher accident rate than 100 accidents among 5,000 cars or journeys. At this point, Butler County’s measures are questionable in their effectiveness and may not be a reliable reference. 大家有没有找到 specific evidence 在哪里？