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一.托福阅读长难句分析方法之同位语
所谓同位语,顾名思义,就是起重复性解释作用的成分。在托福阅读中遇到同位语的处理方法就是删除同位语,从而更好地理解。关于同位语的识别,一般都是以A, B的形式出现,例如,the president of USA, Trump,关于删除方法,则以保留最简单的表达为删除原则。
二.托福阅读长难句分析方法之插入语
所谓插入语就是不影响句子含义和结构的插入成分。常见的插入语有that is, that is to say, what's more, to tell you the truth, frankly speaking等,处理插入语的办法就是删除。
三.托福阅读长难句分析方法之定语
定语的“定”主要指限定,形容词、名词、介词短语等都可以作定语,来修饰、限定名词。
英语中也可以用一个句子来修饰、限定一个名词(或者名词词组、句子),这样的句子叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词(词组、句子)叫做先行词,连接定语从句和主句的叫做关系词,即that。关系词分为两类,关系代词(that which who whom whose)和关系副词(when where why),关系词在从句中起三个作用——指代前面先行词,连接从句和主句,在定语从句中作成分。
前置定语的识别:adj. + n. (比较容易判断)
后置定语的识别:形容词短语(adj. + prep. + n./prep.)
e.g. A book useful for your management 一本有助你进行管理的书。
介词短语(prep. + n./pron.)
分词短语(ving/ved + prep. + n./pron.)
e.g. A person walking on the road.
动词不定式(to do sth.)
e.g. A way to solve the problem.
表语形容词(alike, alive, alone)
注:不定代词只能用后置定语修饰
四.托福阅读长难句分析方法之状语
首先需要强调的是状语修饰非名词,状语的位置比较随意。可以充当状语的成分比较多,有副词,e.g. He secretly decided to leave the room.
介词短语e.g. We have friends all over the world.
不定式(短语)I went there to see my grandmother.
分词(短语)现在分词e.g. Being a poor teacher, he can't afford to buy a car.
过去分词e.g. He entered, accompanied by his son.
形容词e.g. He said nothing but sat silent smoking.
词组e.g. I shall stay another five months.
复合结构e.g. It being a holiday, the library isn't open.
从句e.g. Next time you come in, please close the door.
有的时候名词也可以作状语e.g. We've been waiting hours waiting for you.
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