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定语从句和同位语从句傻傻分不清?一句话教你搞定。
在托福阅读中,想要快速理解长难句句意,就要理清主次,否则要么被修饰成分绕得晕头转向、不明所以,要么因修饰成分过于冗长,促使我们形成鱼的记忆。那么在分析主次的过程中,三大从句(定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句)的重要性就不言而喻了,但是授课这几年来,我发现很多学生依然会把定语从句和名词性从句中的同位语从句混淆,今天我们就通过一个真题句子来看看这两大从句的区别到底是什么。
01
The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising,considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.
一遍读完,识别出定语从句和同位语从句了吗?没找对的话我们先一起来分析下这句话的成份:
首先,这句话的主干是 The fact does not seem surprising;而that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests为同位语从句,对主语the fact进行解释说明;其次considering the huge numbers of insects是分词作状语的用法,在这里作主句的原因状语;最后that comprise the bulk of the species为定语从句修饰前面的 the huge numbers of insects。
分析完后,我们把修饰成分还原回去,整句话的意思就是:
考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量,认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。
02
弄明白了这句话,现在思考一个问题,这句话中个that在引导的同位语从句中和第二个that引导的定语从句中分别有没有充当成分呢?
其实我们不难发现,在同位语从句 that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests中,that是没有做成分的,而在定语从句 that comprise the bulk of the species中that充当了主语成分指代前面的 the huge numbers of insects。这也就是这两个重要从句最根本的区别。
具体来说,定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句,而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的解释和说明,属于名词性从句;
The new that he told me yesterday was true. 定语从句
The news that our team has won the game was true. 同位语从句
从引导词上来看,例如这里的引导词that,在定从中,that是关系代词,充当主语或者宾语,且作宾语时可以省略,在同位语从句中,that是连词,无词义,不可省略;
The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one. 定语从句,that指代factory在从句中作宾语,可省略。
The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 同位语从句
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