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雅思写作中的精妙小词

新航道
2013-06-07 11:48:52

雅思写作无疑是许多考生魂牵梦绕的一科。许多考生的问题都在于中式表达过于地道,却对英文表达的掌握手足无措。其实,只要在写作中善于利用精妙小词,就可以起到万金油的效果,既传达了自己用汉语组织的语意,又符合了英文的表达要求,令人暮然回首,手不释卷,回味无穷。以下仅以两个表达为例,与考生共享。

 

1.      “be designed to”

中国学生习作中,总是离不开“in order to”这个小词,用来表达“为了”这个概念。比如下面这个句子:“The Chinese government have made effective policies in order to protect the environment, such as the restriction of plastic bags.”就是有代表性的版本。那么,在native speakers的笔下,“目的”会以怎样的形式出现呢?请大家参考下列句子:

例句1:Hypnosis is designed to evoke buried memories in patients.

参考译文:催眠术是为了唤醒病人沉睡的记忆。

 

例句2:But that law is only designed to help children in the textile sector, so it does nothing to ease the problem of child labour in one of the poorest countries in the world.

参考译文:但是,该法律只是为了帮助纺织业的孩子,因此,要缓解这个世界上最贫困之一国家的其他童工问题,该法律是无济于事的。

 

例句3:The fact is that without individual efforts, and large project designed to improve our surrounding will fail in the end without doubt.

参考译文:事实就是,没有个人的努力,任何以改善环境为目的的大型项目最终都将毫无疑问遭遇失败。

 

根据以上三个例句,不难发现“be designed to”这个表达传递的含义,并非是字面上的“设计为…”,而是“目的是…”。在句子中的位置可用于谓语动词。那么,本段出现的代表性中式表达就可以改写成为:“The restriction of plastic bags which has been officially implemented is designed to improve the environment.”

 

2.      Alternative

在中国政府大力倡导“绿色出行”以及“低碳生活”的社会背景下,环境问题受到全民重视。随着中国在国际社会中经济实力的不断发展赶超,人民大众的购买力和生活水平也在不断,私人交通工具的拥有早已不是稀罕事。在写作中,每谈及环境问题,大气污染和能源浪费也是考生笔下的高频表达。那么,清洁能源除了传说中的“sustainable energy resources”, “cleaner energy” ,必然离不开“可替代能源”了。雅思写作2009年05月30日的考题就为我们提供了这一表达: “Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries, but in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged.” 那么,除了形容词形式,这个词还有名词形式。请看下面的例句:

 

例句4:However, if more children can receive an education it might provide future generations with an alternative.

参考译文:然而,如果更多的孩子得到教育,那么子孙后代就能够得到解决这个问题的其他方法了。

 

例句5:Admittedly, such incentives would probably not fully compensate couples for lost income; however, they would at least soften the hardship of living on a single income and provide an alternative for parents who would rather remain at home but are unable to do so because of financial constraints.

参考译文:诚然,这些(财政)刺激不能够完全弥补夫妻二人所损失的收入。但是,这些钱至少能够缓解只依靠一份收入家庭的生活困难,并且为主观打算照顾家庭却因囊中羞涩而无能为力的家长提供解决问题的其他方法。

 

例句6: Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

参考译文:为解决出行者需自驾长途出行的问题,长途火车和大巴车服务应该成为既能吸引出行者,又能符合其承受能力的其他手段。

 

上述三个例句清晰表明“alternative”做为名词使用,可表示“解决问题的其他手段”这一含义。可以广泛用于写作中,应对各种需要提出合理化建议或者解决措施的题目。比如针对剑九第三套题中的大作文题目:“Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.”对于题目中出现过于表达时,就需要考生针对其观点给出合理化建议,将其逻辑补足,留出回旋余地。众所周知,解决公众健康在修建体育设施之余,还需要倡导合理饮食。那么,这个建议就可以表述为“Encouraging balanced diet should be regarded as an alternative to foster the individuals to live healthy lifestyles.”或者参照剑八的句式表达,改写为“Less processed and low calorie food should be made attractive and affordable alternative to consumers who are in demand of keeping fit.”

 

诸如此类表达,不胜枚举。学习方法就是勤于研读地道文章中的遣词造句,必有所获。


 

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