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雅思长难句解析
每周一期,专业老师解读
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例句1
These two lines of research - studying the differences between identical twins to pinpoint the influence of environment, and comparing identical twins with fraternal ones to measure the role of inheritance - have been crucial to understanding the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease. (剑 11 Test4 Passage1)
1) 结构分析
层次一:
主句: These two lines of research have been crucial to understanding the interplay
修饰①:- studying............inheritance -【两个破折号插入语,修饰research】
修饰②:of nature....nurture 【of介词定语,修饰interplay】
修饰③:in determining...disease【in 介短定语,修饰interplay】
层次二:
修饰①内部: 主体:studing the differences and comparing..... fraternal ones(and并列两doing)
修饰①:between identical twins(between介短定语,修饰differences)
修饰②:to pinpoint ....of environment(to do短语,修饰studying 表目的)
修饰③:to measure the role of inheritance(to do短语,修饰comparing表目的)
结构总结: 主句+插入语【嵌套并列+介短定+to do状】+介短定语
2) 译文分析:红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰
这两条研究线索【研究同卵双胞胎之间的不同(来明确环境的影响),以及比较同卵和异卵双胞胎(来明确遗传的影响)】对于我们理解(先天和后天)(在我们的个性、行为和疾病易感性方面的)综合作用至关重要。
3) 重点词汇:
pinpoint:v. 明确
measure:v. 测量;衡量;明确
identical twins:(词组)同卵双胞胎
fraternal twins:(词组)异卵双胞胎
crucial:adj. 至关重要的
inheritance:n. 遗传 先天
nature and nurture:(词组) 先天后天
interplay:n. 相互作用
vulnerability:n. 易受影响性,脆弱性
例句2
If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys - each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played. (剑 11 Test4 Passage1)
1) 结构分析
层次一:
主句: epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck【when how宾从】
修饰①:if...........are(if状语从句,修饰整个主句,表条件)
修饰②:changing ......played(doing状语,修饰determine,表结果)
层次二:
修饰①内部: 主体:you think of our DNA as.... and our genes as the keys(and并列两think of as)
修饰:- each......who we are -(两破折号插入语,修饰keys)
层次三:
插入语内部:主体:each key and all the keys(and并列两名词)
修饰①:symbolizing......DNA(doing定语,修饰each key)
修饰②:responsible for......trait(adj短语做后置定语,修饰 a segment of DNA)
修饰③:combining to make us(doing定语,修饰all the keys)
修饰④:who we are(who宾补,修饰 us)
结构总结: 主句【嵌套宾从+doing】 + 状从【嵌套插入+doing+从句+并列】
2) 译文分析:红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰(大括号包含小括号)
【如果你把我们的 DNA 设想成为一个巨大的钢琴键盘,把我们的基因设想成其中的琴 (每个琴键象征着的一个基因片段负责特定的音调或者特质,而所有的琴键组合起来构成了每一个独特的我们)】,那么表观遗传过程就决定着每个琴键可以在什么时候以何种方式被弹奏,(从而改变着演奏曲目的旋律)。
3) 重点词汇:
immense :adj. 巨大的
symbolize:adj. 象征着
segment :n. 片段 切片 部分
particular:adj. 特定的
trait:n. 特征
combine:v. 结合 联合
determine:v. 决定着
struck:v.(原形strike) 撞击 震惊(这里指弹奏)
tune:n. ①曲调 ②态度(这里取①)
例句3
Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up. (剑 11 Test4 Passage1)
1) 结构分析:
层次一:
主句:Studies of animals have shown that it can cause epigenetic change in a fetus【that宾从】
修饰①:that lead to......problem【that定从,修饰change】
修饰②: as the rodents grows up【as状从,修饰 lead to】
修饰③: when a rat.......pregnancy【插入语,修饰PM,解释身份】
结构总结: 主句+宾从【嵌套状从+定从】
2) 译文分析: 红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰
对于动物的研究已经显示:(如果一个老鼠在怀孕期间经历压力的话),那么它的胎儿会产生表观遗传变化,(此变化会导致其长大后表现出行为问题)
3) 重点词汇:
pregnancy:n. 孕期
fetus:n. 胎儿(co是前缀,表示“共同”)
behavioral problems:(词组)行为问题
stress:n. 压力