详细雅思阅读技巧（下）

 

    在备考中的同学们面对雅思阅读，是不是还没找到复习的循序和方法吗？今天为大家整理出了非常实用非常详细的雅思阅读技巧，希望能够对同学们冲刺考试有所帮助。

　  I. 做法

　　1. 准确理解题意

　　a) 语法主谓宾确定

　　b) 是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断

　　c) 是否有only判断

　　d) 是否有比较

　　e) 是否有范围比较

　　2.预设否命题(Alternative)

　　3. 划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位

　　4. 阅读比较

　　5. 中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词：见前笔记

　　II.基本概况

　　1. 是语言考试而非逻辑判断

　　2. 不涉及比喻及修辞

　　3. 不涉及文化差异

　　4. 不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化

　　5. 范围考点只有only, all及most

　　6. IELTS中T/F/NG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断

　　7. 范围判断：

　　NG：a. Time will tell

　　b. 设问句而不做回答

　　no less than a 相当于a+1

　　8. 原文中有it is predicted(expected, anticipated) that

　　题目中有real, truth, fact

　　则答案为：False

　　9. 原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配

　　If (Provided that), but for (except for)

　　If not (Unless), but that (except that)

　　或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语

　　题目中去除任何条件限制

　　答案为：False

　　10. Only原则

　　A. 原文有三个形容词：various, versatile, complete

　　题目中部分，则答案为False

　　B. 原文中A+B+C，

　　题目中只有A、B或C，则答案为False

　　C. 原文中A事物或A状态

　　题目中只有A事物或A状态

　　答案：NG

　　11. 原文中有vow, promise, swear, pledge + 动作状态

　　题目中去除以上的限定，则答案为：NOT GIVEN

　　12. 原文对理论学科加以限定(领域及范围、人名、国名及时间)

　　题目中去除以上限制，

　　答案为：False

　　补充：阅读T/F/NG的总结

　　NOTE：所举例子均为前句来自原文，后句题目。

　　1、对关键词不理解--背单词

　　2、题目与文章顺序不一致，导致对信息点定位错误。

　　3、修饰限制词的运用

　　文中只是陈述事实，而选项中出现评价性质的词 F

　　Eg. Audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the many world -class performances of stars from the Australian opera,ballet and theatre in the Opera House.(文)

　　Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House.(题)

　　4、原文与选项所涉范围

　　1)缩小原文范围 F(我觉得应该是NG)

　　A、区域范围

　　Eg.Australian voters are increasingly turning their attention to the smaller political parties,for instance,at last election the No Aircraft Noise Party,popular in city areas,and the Green Party,which is almost solely concerned with environmental issues.

　　The No Aircraft Noise Party is only popular in the city.(NG)

　　B、倾向性VS事实

　　Eg1.Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept in check.

　　Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt。

　　2.A theroy that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding the cycles of frogs is popular.

　　It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by theworldwide increases in temperature .(F)

　　3.In the work place,unless empolyees are engaged in the part-time study,they may be frowned upon by their employers and peers and have difficulty even standing still.

　　Empolyees who do not undertake extra study will find their salary decreased by empolyers. (NG)

　　C、一般VS特例

　　Eg.Australian voters are increasingly turning their attention to the smaller political parties,for instance,at last election the No Aircraft Noise Party,popular in city areas,and the Green Party,which is almost solely concerned with environmental issues.

　　The smaller parties are only concerned about the environment.

　　2)扩大原文范围 F(完全抵触的情况下才用F)

　　Eg.The internet has been often criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young users.

　　The media has often criticised the Internet beacuse it is dangerous.

　　Eg.Under the UK Environmental Protection Act the details declared in the application for the Authorization to Operate are included in the Register which is open to the public.Such legislation also exists in many other European Community countries.

　　All ECcountries have an environmental register which is open to the public.

　　3)文与题分别为两个独立事实，不能互相推测出对方(不能互为因果)NG

　　Eg.1.Instead of giving birth in the water,this kind of frog raise its young within its stomach.

　　This kind of frog give birth to their young in an underwater nest.

　　2.The Labor Party has always had a strong connections with unions.

　　The Labor Party was formed by the unions.

　　3.James left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never to return.

　　James never returned to Austrlia to see the completed building.

　　4.Based on the hope that the five major military contributors to victory in the World WarII could reach unanamity on the question of peace in the postwar world,the Security Council made up of five members was to be international guardian of peace.

　　Since the war the Security Council has been able to achieve unanimity on peace.

　　5、孤立看某一点，未联系上下文

　　Eg.Discovered in 1981,less than ten years later the frog had completely vanished from the crystal clear water of Booloumba Creek near Queesland's Sunshine Coast.……Since the 1970s,no less than eight others have sufferd the same fate.

　　Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Austrila.(F)

　　6、原文表达较模糊

　　1)经推断(主要用比较)，能得出与选项含义一致的结论 T

　　Eg.Premier was established in 1936;Millers has an enviable reputation stretching back over the past 20 years.(文章背景：关于P与M两家公司的历史与竞争情况介绍

　　Premier is an older company than Millers.

　　2)选项中直接出现精确定义或专有名词，经推断仍无法得出 F

　　Eg. If you are joining at one less popular joining points of our Daybreak Program,you'll be advised of your pick up time(normally by telephone) not less than 48 hours before departure.

　　Tickets and seats can be reserved by phoning the Daybreak Hotline.

　　7、曲解文意 F

　　1)颠倒文意

　　Eg.Four times as many junior-age children are driven to school in Britain as in Germany,beacuse of road dangers.

　　More German children go to school by car than British children.

　　2)因果倒置

　　Another cause of war was believed by the founders of UN to lie in the absence of common legal standards among nations,for this reason they included within the UN framework a world court,the International Court of Justice.

　　The establishment of the International Court of Justice has brought common legal standards .

　　8、注意括号中的内容

　　Eg.CHAPTER 5.There are many private institutions in Australia offering a wide range of courses:English language(ELICOS,see chapter 6),secretaial studies,data processing,pilot training,business and management.(Other courses are listed in chapter 7)

　　The next chapter deals with English language courses. (T)

　　9、对复杂句的理解

　　Eg.The private institutions are like TAFE colleges beacuse they teach special skills for jobs but each one of them usually specialises in couerses for one indusry.

　　Each TAFE college specialises in teaching skills within one specific industry.(F)

　　10、注意时间表达方式

　　Eg.The introduction of the WEB in the 1990 allowed not only texts links to be made but also graphs,images and even video.

　　The internet was created in the 1990s.(F)

　　Eg.1981,less than ten years later the frogs had completely vanished.

　　The frogs became extinct by 1991.(T)

　　NOTE：我在中文类型后面直接附了答案的，说明是这一类型的统一答案。只在题后面用括号注释了答案的，说明是针对这一道题的答案，而这一类题需要注意，至于其答案则需要具体问题具体分析，没有统一答案。

　　TURE

　　1、原意表达

　　2、根据原文概括或归纳而成的

　　FALSE

　　1.题目与原文直接相反

　　2.原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件(出现must or only)

　　3.原文为人们对某种事物的理论感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明 (待定)

　　4.原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词

　　5.原文中包含条件状语(如if, unless)，题目中去除条件成分

　　NOT GIVEN

　　1.题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及

　　2.题目中的范围小于原文的范围，也就是更具体 (NOTE：但是大于就是TURE)

　　3.原文是某人的主观思想(目标，目的，想法，愿望，保证，发誓)，题目是事实

　　4.题目有比较级，原文没有比较

　　注意： 1、题目中若出现must,only,all,always,答案一般不会是True

　　(例如The text has many paralleled items or conditions(i.e. both…and, and, or, also etc), whereas the question has only one condition. (i.e. must or only) )

　　2、You can only judge according to the text. You cannot over-judge the text.

　　3、Don’t change your answers unless you are very sure.

　　注意事项：

　　1、可以粗看文章，但千万不可跳看，不然容易漏信息

　　2、在看文章时，一些知道可能与答案有关的词要划下来

　　3、边做题边看文章。(省时，减少错误率)

　　4、一些难题先空着，但要标明答案在文章中的大体范围。不能影响整体做题的时间。

　　5、注意有些文章附的图表，别忘记很多答案只能在图表内找得到。

　　6、留意数字

　　数字的位置是最容易找的，如问题有提及过，用寻找关键字的方法找答案。记着，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来

　　7、如您不知道一个词的意思的话，您可试估计这字词是正面的(positive)还是负面的(negative)，这对您认识文章的意思和作者的意图很有帮助。

　　8、有时候文章会对一些技术性或太深奥的字词会作出解释(一般在整篇文章之后有注释)，千万不要漏看，

　　9、注意文字或句子的形式变化

　在文章中寻找答案的难度很多时候会看您对字句的形式变化的认识能力。

　　您需注意3种不同形式：

　　种：同义、相同的字。 例如：department　 stores　=　 department　stores

　　第二种：同义、相似的字 joined　by　=　linked　by

　　第三种：同义、有很大差异的变化 walkways　above　and　below　the　ground　=　over-the-street crossings and underground　walkways

　　原文:...feel that... 题目1. that... NG

　　it is a fact that... F

　　原文: theory that ...　 题目1. that... NG

　　2.it is a fact that... F

　　原文 mainly from UK　题目 mainly from Europe T

　　如果原文是mainly from Europe 题目 mainly from UK F(NG)

　　如果原文是sth belong to Europe 题目 sth belong to UK T

　　Matching题：

　　一、 类型

　　1. 人名及理论

　　2. 概念及定义

　　3. 完成句子的Matching

　　二、 各种类型的题的做法

　　1. 人名及理论

　　a. 首先分析意义理论的中心词

　　b. 回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读，

　　理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中

　　段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点

　　c. 中心词对应，原文及题目的中心词对应

　　2. 概念及定义

　　a. 首先确定概念在原文中的方位

　　概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增

　　b. 分析每道题目的意义中心词

　　c. 回原文按照概念的顺序阅读

　　d. 中心词对应

　　List of headings

　　类型

　　1.10个选项，5-6个段落，选项标在段落后面

　　2.5-6个已给出标题，段落标号写在题目后面

　　注意：

　　1. 阅读主标题

　　2. 任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项，首先将example选项划去

　　主要做法:

　　一、 首先分析选项以及已给出标题

　　哪些选项是文章超始段落选项

　　哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项

　　1. 起始选项

　　a. 名词+of+文章主标标

　　concept, conception, definition, explanation, notion, core, essence, justification,

　　what is + 文章标题

　　b. 动词+文章主标题，代表文章首段标题

　　defy, justify

　　c. 形容词+名词+of+文章主标题

　　basic, intrinsic, fundamental + factors, elements

　　2. 结尾选取项

　　名词+of+文章主题

　　effect, impact, consequence, generalization, conclusion

　　3. 哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项

　　A. 所有的比较选项都是中间选取项

　　Compare, contrast, similar, match, coincide…with, contrary to, opposite to, versus, akin…to, alien…to

　　B. 金钱符号指示词

　　Wage, income, cost, expense, expenditure, revenue

　　C. 统计数字指示词

　　data, figure, demography, demographic, statistic, census

　　D. **比指示词

　　rate, ratio, percentage, proportion, density

　　E. 时间指示词

　　decide, generation, ages, long time, long term, long tradition, long process, long procedure

　　F. 分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落

　　二、 如何阅读首末段

　　1. 阅读首末句，要关注首末句的语法成份

　　A. 主谓宾分布

　　B. 肯定与否定关态

　　C. 比较级状态

　　D. 是否定定义句型

　　2. 如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记，要**其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据

　　3. 如果段落中有example或者example句型，要**example前的论点句及其后的总结句

　　4. 如果段落中有人名及理论，则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据

　　三、 如何阅读整段

　　1. 要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号()，“”

　　2. 要注意段落中表明转折的连词: yet, but, however

　　3. 要注意段落中表明顺序的连词

　　4. 要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配 result in, result from, derive from, stem from, describe to.

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