攻克考研英语阅读细节题
作者：新航道好轻松考研英语教师 程翠翠
备考27考研的同学们，最近应该正处于备考的白热化阶段。基础阶段除了背诵重难点单词外，非常关键的是掌握各题型的解题技巧，大家需要在这方面充分做好准备。考研英语中，占比且得分技巧性最强的当属阅读题型。阅读题型有六种：细节题、推理题、词汇题、推断题、主旨题、态度题。其中细节题在真题中占比，那么今天我们就来总结一下细节题的做题技巧。
考研阅读细节题做题技巧分析
1、考察本质
理解具体信息;比较文中事实、观点、态度等的异同
2、常见考察方式
From paragraph xxx, we learn that细节词 xxxxx
We learn from xxx, 细节词 are supposed to be xxxx
3、主要做题技巧汇总
做题技巧主要分为三种，敲黑板：
第一种：一句话定位，即先勾画题干关键词(比如名词、动词、形容词、副词、专有名词)，然后带着关键词去段落中定位他的解题关键句。
例题：2015年英语二Text2
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students _______.
[A] study at private universities
[B] are from single-parent families
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their college
分析：首先勾画关键词“first generation students”, 然后一句话定位，找出文章中的定位句“Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need”即大多数第一代是贝尔奖学金的获得者，这是一项面向有经济需求的本科生的联邦助学金。选项C表述financial need 与定位句中的“in need of financial support”属于同义替换，所以选择“c”.
第二种：抓住逻辑关系词解题，比如通过原因、条件、目的理解细节题中的逻辑关系。即先勾画关键词以及题干出现的逻辑关系词，随后找逻辑关系的同义替换。
例题：2004年英语一 Text 1
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Careersite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to f ind them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Careersite. (2004年 英一 Text1)
24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.
[D] To increase the rate of success.
分析：根据题干细节词“careersite”“only three job options”以及逻辑关系“why”，询问为什么CareerSite的代理只向每位求职者提供三种工作选择?所以这道题可以利用因果逻辑关系词来解题，找到定位句“Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.”，即一些网站设计搜索引擎(代理)目的是为了求职者回访。接着是careersite提供三种选项的具体实例，来证明第一句的论点。所以答案选择“B”，为了吸引更多的回访率。
第三种：选项倒推法，结合多处信息解题;即当细节词出现在原文次数很多，很难定位时，可以使用选项倒推法，找到四个选项在原文中的表达，然后比对原文和选项。
例题： 英语二 2010Text 4
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative orient. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that _____.
[A] both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries
[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers
[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service
[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public
分析：题干中出现“The Us jury system”即美国陪审制度，整段都在描述陪审制度的原则，不好定位，故使用“选项倒推法”，找到四个选项对应的表述。根据文章中描述“all citizens meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries”，要求担任陪审员的成员必须达到年龄和文化程度要求，而A选项“有文化的和文盲的都可以担任陪审员”和C选项“没有年龄条件限制”，语义相悖，故排除;文章中表述：“ defendants are entitled to trial by their peers”被告有权接受同伴评审，而选项B，表述“被告可以免除同伴评审”，语义相反，故排除。所以答案选择“D”，根据美国陪审团制度的原则，“verdicts should represent the conscience of the community”判决应体现社会的良心，即考虑公众意见。选项D与此相符。
